The Role of 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenases in Gliomas and Glioblastomas: A Review of Epigenetic Reprogramming and Hypoxic Response

Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of cancers that predominantly arise from glial cells in the brain, but may also neural stem cells, encompassing low-grade glioma and high-grade glioblastoma. Whereas better diagnosis new treatments have improved patient survival for many cancers, glioblastomas remain challenging with highly unfavorable prognosis. This review discusses super-family enzymes, 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase enzymes (2-OGDD) control numerous processes including epigenetic modifications oxygen sensing, considers their roles pathology gliomas. We specifically describe more detail DNA histone demethylases, hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases context glioma, discuss substrate cofactor requirements 2-OGDD enzymes. Better understanding how these contribute to gliomas could lead development treatment strategies.